Climate Change Worries “Champagne of Tea”
With no doubt, Darjeeling is one of the finest Tea origins in the world. Teas coming from this region is promoted with the tag line of “Champagne of Tea”. Darjeeling is the only tea growing region which has been registered under PGI (Protected Geographic Indication). Under this registration Darjeeling tea can’t be blended / mixed with any other tea origin within EU region. Darjeeling Tea (specially 1st and 2nd flushes) is recognized for her unique tasting profile by tea masters all over the world.
But currently, It has been widely observed that local temperatures are rising and rainfall is becoming increasingly erratic in Darjeeling district of West Bengal, which is famous for its aromatic teas. The tea gardens, which form the economic backbone of the eastern Himalayan district, have been reeling under the impact of the weather changes.
Tea is grown in five different valleys in the region — Darjeeling, Mirik, Teesta, Rambang and Kurseong — and each of them is at a different elevation, with a different weather pattern. The ideal temperature for growing tea in the region is between 18 and 30 degrees Celsius.
Devise Ways to Protect Darjeeling Tea Instead of Complaining: Scientists
Scientists say that the need of the hour is to devise ways to protect the world famous Darjeeling tea rather than to mourn over the changes in climate.
Mrityunjay Choubey, senior scientific officer at Darjeeling Tea Research and Development Centre (DTR & DC) in Kurseong
His concern is not without reason as the production of tea has taken a hit in the past few years, “The production of Darjeeling tea has come down drastically,” says Sumon Majumder, a senior tea taster with Darjeeling Impex Ltd that runs the Namring tea estate in Darjeeling.
“In 2012, the annual tea production stood at 10 million kg, which fell to 9 million kg in 2017.”
Untimely First Flush
He terms the untimely first flush harvest as the major visible sign of climate change, “The first flush is normally from March to mid May but we are noticing that the flush is getting advanced to February due to increase in the temperature. It is becoming so warm during the day that bud breaking is starting early,” he told India Climate Dialogue.
A 20-year-study done by DTR & DC in Kurseong has found that maximum temperature has risen by 0.51 degree Celsius while total annual rainfall dropped by 56 mm and relative humidity by 16.07 percent. Even the sunshine hours have risen from 3.03 to 5.71 in two decades.
The study done from 1993 to 2012 found that climate change has lead to a decline in overall production of Darjeeling tea in terms of green leaf production per hectare.
The production of green tea, which stood at 1,828.47 kg per hectare in 1993, dropped to 1,061.12 kg in 2012.
Scientists are now suggesting different measures to the owners of the 87 tea gardens in Darjeeling that they can undertake to protect the tea bushes from the adverse impacts of climate change.
Longer Dry Spells
The usual dry period in Darjeeling is from October to January, but now it has stretched to April, stressing the tea plants.
In September 2012, landslides triggered by heavy rain caused extensive damage in six tea gardens in Darjeeling and Kalimpong. In July 2015, around 40 people lost their lives to landslides in Darjeeling.
Organic Solution
Scientists are stressing on organic farming to deal with climate change, “We are also trying to convince the growers to switch to organic farming as it minimises the use of pesticides and other chemicals which are harmful to plants. But the owners are reluctant because it normally takes 6-7 years for the shifting to take place and they are not ready to incur losses for that period,” Choubey said.
“We are also laying emphasis on crop diversification, which suits the small growers, as they can sow potatoes and other vegetables for a short duration, say between Octobers and March, when it is the dull season for tea.”
Biswajit Bera, director of research at the Quality Control Laboratory of Tea Board India at New Jalpaiguri, points to rainwater harvesting as another alternative to provide continuous water to the tea bushes.
“It is necessary to deal with erratic rainfall by promoting rainwater harvesting,” he told India Climate Dialogue.
“Small drains passing through the gardens that remain dry should be given water supply. Moreover, development of superior adopted cultivars is also necessary to save the tea gardens,” he added.
Adopting Measures
Some of tea gardens like Namring, one of the largest tea estates in Darjeeling, have adopted measures to deal with climate change. “We have done massive afforestation in our garden and are making use of the natural sources of water. We have paid tremendous focus to self-irrigation, as Darjeeling now receives just 4-5 percent of the total annual rainfall between October and March. A tea bush spread in one hectare needs up to four inches of water every month to survive, or else it stresses the plants,” HR Chaudhary, superintendent manager of Namring, toldIndia Climate Dialogue.
“We have also planted grass like Guatemala and citronella that not only prevents soil erosion but their mulches also suppress the weed growth.”
Other gardens like Balasun Estate, run by Jayashree Tea and Industries, in Kurseong are planting Vetiver, a type of grass, along its garden, which is helpful to check soil erosion on the slopes.
Majumder, the senior tea taster who is also known for creating the famous Darjeeling Oolong tea, cites longer plucking rounds as another reason for drop in quality, “The quality of tea is also getting hampered because of tea plucking rounds, which has increased from seven days to 10-12 days due to labour shortage. We make around 300 kg Oolong tea a year and nearly 250 kg of it is exported.”
Pranab Kumar Biswas, founder of the Center for Mitigation Climate Change and Global Warming, a non-profit in nearby Siliguri, rues that several tea garden owners in Alipurduar and other places are yet to understand the seriousness of climate change.
We basically try to create awareness among tea garden owners for installing instruments that measure the rainfall and temperature, but most of them hardly seem interested in it. It is necessary to collect data to gauge the effect of climate change on tea gardens.
Pranab Kumar Biswas, founder of the Center for Mitigation Climate Change and Global Warming to India Climate Dialogue.
Original Post: https://indiaclimatedialogue.net/2018/06/12/darjeeling-tea-is-facing-a-climate-crisis/
Picture Source: http://www.jayshreetea.com/wp/darjeeling-tea-processing-delicate-affair-2/
